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W. Phillips Shivley Background W. Phillips Shively is Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. He has also taught at the University of Oregon and Yale University, and has been a visiting professor at the University of Oslo. His research deals with the comparative study of elections, and with methods of data analysis. He is the author (with Chris Achen) of Cross-Level Inference and of a textbook, The Craft of Political Research first published in 1974 now in its eighth edition, He is the author of text book Power and Choice : Introduction to Political Science now on its 13th edition. as well as numerous articles on elections and on methods of analysis. He has served as editor of the American Journal of Political Science and as chair and principal investigator of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems project, as well as various administrative positions at the University of Minnesota. His true love is natural history.〔http://www.polisci.umn.edu/people/profile.php?UID=shively〕 influential research methods text ''The Craft of Political Research'' Specialties elections around the world comparative politics Western Europe democracies Educational Background BA, Franklin and Marshall College, 1963 PhD: University of North Carolina, 1969. Teaching Experience University of Oregon, Assistant Professor, 1967-1968 Yale University, Assistant Professor, 1968-1971 University of Minnesota, Associate Professor, 1971-1978 University of Minnesota, Professor, 1978- Recipient of Morse-Alumni Association Award for Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching, 1989 Publications Who Represents Us Best? One Member or Many?, Shively, W and Curtice, John, in Hans-Dieter Klingemann, ed., A Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Oxford University Press, 2009. Case Selection: Insights from Rethinking Social Inquiry: Shively, W, Political Analysis, 344-347, Summer 2006. Multilevel Modeling for Large Clusters: Shively, W, Orit Kedar, Special issue of Political Analysis, Autumn 2005. Applying a Two-Step Strategy to the Analysis of Cross-National Public Opinion Data: Shively, W, Karen Long Jusko, Political Analysis, 13 327-344, Autumn 2005. The Asymmetry of Democratization and Democratic Breakdown (Or is it Authoritarianization and Authoritarian Breakdown?): Shively, W, The Evolution of Political Knowledge, 2003. Contextual Data and the Study of Elections and Voting Behavior: Connecting Individuals to Environments: Shively, W, Martin Johnson & Robert Stein, Electoral Studies/The Future of Election Studies, 2002. Cross-Level Inference as an Identification Problem: Shively, W, Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Section on Statistical Education, 94-100, 2000. Cross-Level Inference. Shively, W, Chris Achen, University of Chicago Press, 1995. Comparative Governance. Shively, W, McGraw-Hill, 1995. Power and Choice. Shively, W, McGraw-Hill, 1986. The Craft of Political Research. Shively, W, Prentice-Hall, 1974. Research Publications Books: Theory Building and Data Analysis in the Social Sciences (co-editor), 1983, University of Tennessee Press. Cross-Level Inference (co-authored with Chris Achen), University of Chicago Press, 1995. (of 1996 Outstanding Book Award, National Conference of Black Political Scientists ) Multilevel Modeling for Large Clusters (co-edited with Orit Kedar; special issue of Political Analysis, Autumn 2005) Database: Comparative Study of Electoral Systems database, through the June 2005 release. (Downloadable at www.umich.edu/~cses/) Making democracy work requires a deeper understanding than we have hitherto been able to gain, of how various kinds of democratic institutions operate and how citizens respond to them. In any study of a single country it is difficult to ascertain this, since the institutions are invariant for all citizens one can study. The CSES is a large cross-national survey involving approximately 50 countries in which an international team has conducted a common survey over the last five years. The survey is designed to allow analysis of the impact of political institutions on citizens’ political engagement and political choices, with the data made available immediately on our website to all scholars. I was chair of the project until the fall of 2003, and until 2006 was the PI for the project. To date at least 120 books, chapters, articles, and Ph.D. theses have been written using these data. (of 2001 Best Comparative Politics Database award, Comparative Politics Section of the American Political Science Association ) Articles: Ecological Inference: The Use of Aggregate Data to Study Individuals, American Political Science Review, 63 (Dec, 1969), 1183-1196 The Elusive 'Psychological Factor': A Test for the Impact of Electoral Systems on Voters' Behavior, Comparative Politics, 3 (October, 1970) 115-125 A Reinterpretation of the New Deal Realignment, Public Opinion Quarterly, 35 (Winter, 1971–72), 621-624 Party Identification, Party Choice, and Voting Stability; The Weimar Case, American Political Science Review, 56 (December, 1972), 1203-1225 Utilizing External Evidence in Cross-Level Inference, Political Methodology (Fall, 1974), 61-73 The Relationship Between Age and Party Identification: A Cohort Analysis, Political Methodology, Summer 1979, 437-446 The Development of Party Identification Among Adults: Exploration of a Functional Model, American Political Science Review, December 1979, 1039-1054 The Nature of Party Identification: A Review of Recent Developments, in John Pierce and John Sullivan, eds., The Electorate Reconsidered, Sage 1980, 219-236 The Electoral Impact of Party Loyalists and of the "Floating Vote": A New Measure and a New Perspective, Journal of Politics, 44 (August, 1982), 679-691 Political Leadership and the Development of Political Cleavages: Imperial Germany, 1871-1912 (coauthor), American Journal of Political Science, 26 (November, 1982), 643-663 A Strategy for Cross-Level Inference under an Assumption of Breakage Effects, Political Methodology, 11 (Numbers 3-4, 1985), 167-180 Comparisons of Distributions in Electoral Studies: A Comment, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 2 (Number 4, 1990), 459-462 A General Extension of the Method of Bounds, With Special Application to Studies of Electoral Transition, Historical Methods, 24 (Spring, 1991), 81- 94 From Mobilization to Conversion: A Change in Electoral Change, 1864-1988, American Journal of Political Science, 36 (May, 1992), 309-330. Cross-Level Inference as an Identification Problem, Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Section on Statistical Education (2000), 94-100. Contextual Data and the Study of Elections and Voting Behavior: Connecting Individuals to Environments, Electoral Studies (May, 2002), coauthored with Martin Johnson and Robert Stein. Also appears in Mark N. Franklin and Christopher Wlezien, eds., The Future of Election Studies, Oxford: Pergamnon, 2002. The Asymmetry of Democratization and Democratic Breakdown (Or is it Authoritarianization and Authoritarian Breakdown?), in Edward Mansfield and Richard Sisson, eds. The Evolution of Political Knowledge, Ohio State University Press, 2003. Varieties of Electoral Control, in Hanne Marthe Narud and Anne Krogstad, eds., Elections, Parties, and Political Representation. (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 2004), pp. 409–420. Applying a Two-Step Strategy to the Analysis of Cross-National Public Opinion Data (coauthored with Karen Long Jusko), 13 Political Analysis (Autumn 2005), pp. 327–344. Case Selection: Insights from Rethinking Social Inquiry, 14 Political Analysis (Summer 2006), pp. 344–347. Who Represents Us Best? One Member or Many? (coauthored with John Curtice), in Hans-Dieter Klingemann, ed., A Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Oxford University Press, 2009. Textbooks The Craft of Political Research. 1974, Prentice-Hall; 7th ed, 2008 Power and Choice. 1986, McGraw-Hill; 12th ed., 2009 Comparative Governance. 1995, McGraw-Hill Professional Activities Chair, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems database project (www.umich.edu/~cses/): 1998 - 2005 Co-Chair (with Kathryn Sikkink) of the 2002 program of the American Political Science Association national meetings: 2002 Member, National Election Study Board of Overseers: 1995 - 2004 Provost for Arts, Sciences and Engineering, University of Minnesota: 1995 - 1997 Section chair for comparative politics, American Political Science Association: 1992 Chair, Task Force on Second Language Instruction, University of Minnesota: 1990 - 1991 President, Midwest Political Science Association: 1985 - 1986 University Faculty Lobbyist, University of Minnesota: 1983 - 1985 Chair, Political Science Department, University of Minnesota: 1981 - 1984 Editor, American Journal of Political Science: 1975 - 1979 Awards Fellow of the Political Methodology Society National Science Foundation Grants, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, 2002-2006 Best Comparative Politics Database award, Comparative Politics Section of the American Political Science Association for the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems database, 2001 Morse Amoco/Alumni Teaching Award, University of Minnesota, 1989 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「W. 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